Determinants of Women’s Participation in Decision-Making within the Development Projects of NGOs in Sidama National Regional State, Ethiopia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25175/jrd/2024/v43/i4/173324Keywords:
Beneficiary, Decision-Making, Development Projects, Non-Governmental Organisations, Women’s Participation.Abstract
This paper examines determinants of women’s participation in decision-making within development projects of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in Sidama National Regional State, Ethiopia. Eleven NGOs operating in eight districts were included as study units. The study used a simple random sampling technique based on primary data collected from 335 respondents. The association between the predictors and the predicted variable was measured using a T-test and Pearson’s Chi-square statistics at a 95 per cent confidence level. A binary logistic regression model was used to assess the determinants of women beneficiaries’ participation in decision-making within NGO projects. To detect collinearity, variance inflation factor (VIF) was used, whereas the Hosmer-Lemeshow test, Omnibus test, and Cox-Snell test were used to test the fitness of the regression model. The findings of the study depicted women’s age, attitudes, self-confidence, technical skills, access to information, social networks, family care work, project assistance, project policy, location, husbands’ attitudes and timing of meetings as determinants of their participation in decision-making within NGO projects implemented in the study area. The study emphasises that creating a supportive network, providing targeted training and capacity-building programmes, providing access to relevant project information and supportive services, and designing, implementing, monitoring and evaluating mechanisms that specifically track the participation of women beneficiaries in decision-making within the projects are crucial.
Downloads
References
Abbott, J. (1995). Community Participation and Its Relationship to Community Development. Community Development Journal, 30(2), 158–168. https://doi.org/10.1093/cdj/30.2.158 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/cdj/30.2.158
Ahmad, M. (2021). Attitude of Menfolk Towards Participation of Married Women in Public Sphere in Pakhtun Society. Journal of Human Ecology, 73(1–3), 67–76. https://doi.org/10.31901/24566608.2021/73.1-3.3300 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31901/24566608.2021/73.1-3.3300
Alemu, A., Woltamo, T., & Abuto, A. (2022). Determinants of Women Participation in Income Generating Activities: Evidence from Ethiopia. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 11(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-022-00260-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-022-00260-1
Ariti, A. T., Van Vliet, J., & Verburg, P. H. (2018). What Restrains Ethiopian NGOs to Participate in the Development of Policies for Natural Resource Management? Environmental Science and Policy, 89(November 2017), 292–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2018.08.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2018.08.008
Asif, M. F., Pervaiz, Z., Afridi, J. R., Abid, G., & Lassi, Z. S. (2021). Role of Husband’s Attitude Towards the Usage of Contraceptives for Unmet Need of Family Planning Among Married Women of Reproductive Age in Pakistan. BMC Women’s Health, 21(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-021-01314-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-021-01314-4
Aurelia, P., & Kamuzora, N. (2024). Factors Shaping Women’s Involvement in Community Development Projects: A Case of Mvomero Water Initiatives. 5(1), 33–43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.46606/eajess2024v05i01.0347
Ayana, A. N., Arts, B., & Wiersum, K. F. (2018). How Environmental NGOs Have Influenced Decision Making in a ‘Semi-Authoritarian’ State: The Case of Forest Policy in Ethiopia. World Development, 109, 313–322. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.05.010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.05.010
Baek, S. U., Yoon, J. H., & Won, J. U. (2022). Associations Between Wives’ and Husbands’ Attitudes Towards Women’s Economic Participation and Depressive Symptoms, Poor Subjective Health, and Unemployment Status in Married Women: A Korean Longitudinal Study (2014–2020). SSM - Population Health, 20(July), 101275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101275 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101275
Bakry, H. M., Elgohary, Y. M. H., Farag, A., & Ramadan, I. M. I. (2022). Estimation of Cross-Classified Value of Travel Time Using Binary Logit Model on Egyptian Roads. The Open Transportation Journal, 16(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.2174/18744478-v16-e2209140 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/18744478-v16-e2209140
Bandé, A., Ika, L. A., & Ouédraogo, S. (2024). Beneficiary Participation is an Imperative, Not an Option, but Does It Really Work in International Development Projects? International Journal of Project Management, 42(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2024.102561 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2024.102561
Bitew, D. A., Asmamaw, D. B., Belachew, T. B., & Negash, W. D. (2023). Magnitude and Determinants of Women’s Participation in Household Decision Making Among Married Women in Ethiopia, 2022: Based on Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey Data. Heliyon, 9(7), e18218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18218 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18218
Bitew, D. A., Getahun, A. B., Gedef, G. M., Andualem, F., & Getnet, M. (2024). Determinants of Household Decision Making Autonomy Among Rural Married Women Based on Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey: A Multilevel Analysis. BMC Women’s Health, 24(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-024-03058-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-024-03058-3
Bryan, V., & Mendaglio, S. (2020). Building Leadership Capacity in Women: An NGO in India’s Initiative Towards Women Members of SHGs. Development in Practice, 30(7), 839–849. https://doi.org/10.1080/09614524.2019.1701988 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09614524.2019.1701988
Daoud, J. I. (2018). Multicollinearity and Regression Analysis. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 949(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/949/1/012009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/949/1/012009
Donya Razavi, S., Kapiriri, L., Abelson, J., & Wilson, M. (2019). Who is in and Who is Out? A Qualitative Analysis of Stakeholder Participation in Priority Setting for Health in Three Districts in Uganda. Health Policy and Planning, 34(5), 358–369. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czz049 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czz049
Dutta, N. (2023). Engaging Beneficiaries for Development Participation: When, How, and To What Extent? (Unabridged edition). Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Fernandes, A. A. T., Filho, D. B. F., Da Rocha, E. C., & Da Silva Nascimento, W. (2020). Read This Paper if You Want to Learn Logistic Regression. Revista de Sociologia e Politica, 28(74), 1/1-19/19. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-987320287406EN DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-987320287406en
Gebisa, D. A. (2020). The Effects of NGOs on Socio-Economic Empowerment of Women: Empirical Evidence from Some NGOs Operating in Ethiopia. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 11(1), 42–47. https://doi.org/10.7176/jesd/11-1-04 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7176/JESD/11-1-04
Getachew Yimenu, B. (2017). The Participation of Non-Governmental Organizations in Education Service Delivery in Gedeo Zone: Ethiopia. Participations, 54, 5–12. www.iiste.org
Girma, N., Berhanu, W., & Tefera, Z. (2022). Quality of Family Planning Among Married Women at NGO Supported and Non-Supported Districts in Bati Woreda, Oromia Special Zone, Amhara Region.
Haji Hamda, A., & Kebede, M. (2021). Determinants of Project Sustainability: The Case of NGO Projects in West Arsi Zone. European Business & Management, 7(4), 95. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ebm.20210704.11 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ebm.20210704.11
Hakim, G. Al, Bastian, B. L., Ng, P. Y., & Wood, B. P. (2022). Women’s Empowerment as an Outcome of NGO Projects: Is the Current Approach Sustainable? Administrative Sciences, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12020062 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12020062
Hando, F. H., & Dinkisa, D. K. (2022). Are Grassroots Non-Governmental Organisation Actors’ Policies Pro-Poor? Questioning Inclusive Beneficiary Targeting and People-Centred Policy Rhetoric in Ethiopia. International NGO Journal, 17(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.5897/ingoj2022.0361 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/INGOJ2022.0361
Harris, J. K. (2021). Primer on Binary Logistic Regression. Family Medicine and Community Health, 9, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1136/fmch-2021-001290 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/fmch-2021-001290
Hussein, M. K. (2021). Women’s Participation in Local Development–A Case Study of Zomba District Council in Malawi. Development Southern Africa, 38(6), 954–966. https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1891022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1891022
Ilesanmi, O. O. (2018). Women’s Visibility in Decision Making Processes in Africa—Progress, Challenges, and Way Forward. Frontiers in Sociology, 3(December), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2018.00038 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2018.00038
Jaysawal, N. (2024). Indian Journal of Social Work Education and Practice (IJSWEP). May.
Joro Ayane, K. (2020). Assessing the Role of Non-Governmental Organization in Promoting Education in Hidhabu Abote District: The Case of World Vision Ethiopia. International Journal of Secondary Education, 8(2), 69. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsedu.20200802.16 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsedu.20200802.16
Kim, J. H. (2019). Multicollinearity and Misleading Statistical Results. Korean Journal of Anesthesiology, 72(6), 558–569. https://doi.org/10.4097/kja.19087 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4097/kja.19087
Kim, S., Sohn, H. S., & Lee, J. (2020). Evaluating Participation: Empirical Analysis of Recipient and Beneficiary Engagement with IFAD International Development Projects. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(14), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12145862 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12145862
Kinyata, G. S., & Abiodun, N. L. (2020). The Impact of Community Participation on Projects' Success in Africa: A Bottom Up Approach. 6(3), 1–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-8677.0603001
Kiriana, D. (2021). A Review of the Strategies Used by Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) to Reduce Vulnerability to Poverty in Zimbabwe. African Journal of Social Work, 11(6), 371–378.
L, P. S., Kumar K, B. K., & Professor, A. (2022). Women Empowerment: Role of NGOs. 10(11), 641–645. www.ijcrt.org
Lemma, B. B. (2021). The Role of Local NGOs in Promoting Primary Education: Evidence from Six Local NGOs in Sidama Zone, SNNPRS, Ethiopia. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 10(19). https://doi.org/10.7176/jesd/
Lotwel, J., Ongori, H., & Gervasio, M. (2021). Social cultural practices affecting the level of women’s participation in social development: A case of Turkana Central Sub-County, Turkana County, Kenya. European Journal of Gender Studies, 4(1), 15–26. https://doi.org/10.47672/ejgs.842 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47672/ejgs.842
Mafa, I., & Kang’Ethe, S. M. (2019). Women NGOs and financial viability: Implications for women empowerment processes from a social work perspective. African Journal of Social Work, 9(2), 43–51.
Mallick, N., Biswas, B., Dasgupta, A., Paul, B., & Garg, S. (2018). Attitude Towards Women Empowerment Among Husbands of Eligible Couples in a Rural Area of Hooghly District, West Bengal. Muller Journal of Medical Sciences and Research, 9(2), 81. https://doi.org/10.4103/mjmsr.mjmsr_11_18 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/mjmsr.mjmsr_11_18
Megersa, H., & Megersa Tola, H. (2020). A Role of Non-Governmental Organization for Women Empowerment Through Decision Making in Ethiopia: A Review. May. https://doi.org/10.14662/IJEBM2019.150
Mekonnen, H. (2022). Determinants of Women’s Participation in Leadership Positions. JAD, 12(2).
Mlambo, C., & Kapingura, F. (2019). Factors Influencing Women Political Participation: The Case of the SADC Region. Cogent Social Sciences, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2019.1681048 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2019.1681048
MOWCY, UNICEF Ethiopia, & SPRI. (2019). Gender Equality, Women’s Empowerment, and Child Wellbeing in Ethiopia (pp. 11–83).
Nagelkerke, N. J. D. (1991). A Note on a General Definition of the Coefficient of Determination. Biometrika, 78(3), 691–692. https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/78.3.691 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/78.3.691
Nangoli, S., Namiyingo, S., Kabagambe, L., Namono, R., Jaaza, M., & Ngoma, M. (2016). Stakeholder Participation: An Empirical Investigation. African Journal of Business Management, 10(8), 182–186. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM2015.8019
Nasser, H. (2020). Binomial Logistic Regression Using SPSS. University of Miami, 30. https://statistics.laerd.com/spss-tutorials/binomial-logistic-regression-using-spss-statistics.php#procedure
Ndambiri, A. M. (2018). Determinants of Women Participation in Community Development Projects: A Case of Mombasa County. International Journal of Social Science and Technology, 3(1), 8–24.
Nigussie, L., Diallo, A., & Minh, T. T. (n.d.). Working Paper: Investment and Cultivation Strategies for Women and Youth Inclusion: Cases from On-farm, Off-farm and Non-farm Activities in Ethiopia and Mali.
Oboqua, E. D., & Odenigbo, V. N. (2022). Factors Influencing Rural Women Participation in Community Development Projects in Biase Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria. 25(1), 201–209.
Peng, C. Y. J., Lee, K. L., & Ingersoll, G. M. (2002). An Introduction to Logistic Regression Analysis and Reporting. Journal of Educational Research, 96(1), 3–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220670209598786 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00220670209598786
Riley, R. D., Van Calster, B., & Collins, G. S. (2021). A Note on Estimating the Cox-Snell R2 from a Reported C Statistic (AUROC) to Inform Sample Size Calculations for Developing a Prediction Model with a Binary Outcome. Statistics in Medicine, 40(4), 859–864. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.8806 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.8806
Ríos Romero, M. J., Urquía-Grande, E., & Abril, C. (2023). NGO Accountability to Donors: Better Said Than Done? Revista de Estudios Empresariales. Segunda Época, 1, 31–51. https://doi.org/10.17561/ree.n1.2023.7410 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17561/ree.n1.2023.7410
Rossi, R. J. (2022). Applied Biostatistics for the Health Sciences. Wiley. https://books.google.ch/books?id=88l6EAAAQBAJ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119722717
Shrestha, N. (2020). Detecting Multicollinearity in Regression Analysis. American Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 8(2), 39–42. https://doi.org/10.12691/ajams-8-2-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12691/ajams-8-2-1
Starbuck, C. (2023). Logistic Regression. In C. Starbuck (Ed.), The Fundamentals of People Analytics: With Applications in R (pp. 223–238). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28674-2_12 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28674-2_12
Surjanovic, N., Lockhart, R. A., & Loughin, T. M. (2023). A Generalized Hosmer–Lemeshow Goodness-of-Fit Test for a Family of Generalized Linear Models. Test. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11749-023-00912-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11749-023-00912-8
Tsiga, B., Hofisi, C., & Mago, S. (2016). Community Participation in NGO “Development Projects” in Zimbabwe: Myth or Reality? Journal of Human Ecology, 55(3), 237–248. https://doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2016.11907029 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2016.11907029
UN DESA. (2023). The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2023: Special Edition (p. 80). https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2023/
Uwanyirigira, E., Nasirov, O., & Nylén, U. (2016). Managing Beneficiary Involvement in Non-Governmental Organisations Implementing with, for, and by the Beneficiaries Supervisor. 1–72. http://www.diva-portal.se/smash/get/diva2:1070834/FULLTEXT01.pdf
Videira, N. (2023). Stakeholder Participation. In Dictionary of Ecological Economics: Terms for the New Millennium (pp. 505–506). https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788974912.S.64 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788974912.S.64
Villanueva-Moya, L., & Expósito, F. (2021). Gender Differences in Decision-Making: The Effects of Gender Stereotype Threat Moderated by Sensitivity to Punishment and Fear of Negative Evaluation. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 34(5), 706–717. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.2239 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.2239
Weldegebriel, S. K. (2022). Non-Governmental Organizations Participation in Environmental Rehabilitation: Lessons Learnt and Identified Implementation Gaps for Natural Resource Conservation in Tigray. December.
Wellens, L., & Jegers, M. (2014). Effective Governance in Nonprofit Organisations: A Literature-Based Multiple Stakeholder Approach. European Management Journal, 32(2), 223–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2013.01.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2013.01.007
Women, U. N. (2020). Visualising the Data: Women’s Representation in Society. UN Digital Library, February.
Zeleke, L., Guyo, W., & Moronge, M. (2024). Stakeholders’ Engagement and Performance of Non-Governmental Organizations in Ethiopia. International Journal of Social Sciences and Economic Review, 12–19. https://doi.org/10.36923/ijsser.v5i4.240 DOI: https://doi.org/10.36923/ijsser.v5i4.240
